Dominic Lieven’s “Russia Against Napoleon: The True Story of the Campaigns of War and Peace” is an important and insightful historical work that re-establishes Russia’s vital role in the defeat of Napoleon, an aspect often overlooked in traditional narratives. The book boldly challenges the long-held Anglo-French perspective on the Napoleonic Wars, which frequently portrays the catastrophic 1812 campaign as merely an unfortunate outcome dictated by “General Winter,” while significantly downplaying the critical and strategic contributions made by Russia in the subsequent campaigns of 1813 and 1814. By providing a more nuanced understanding, Lieven reveals the complexities of military strategy, diplomacy, and the indomitable spirit of the Russian people during this tumultuous period. As a noted historian of Imperial Russia, he utilizes newly available Russian archives to present a comprehensive and detailed history, told not just from the perspective of military leaders but also reflecting the viewpoints of the Tsar’s court, the army, and the common citizens whose lives were deeply affected by these historic events. Through this thorough examination, Lieven invites readers to appreciate the full scope of Russia’s involvement and sacrifices during the Napoleonic Wars, ultimately reshaping our understanding of this pivotal chapter in European history.

A main point of Lieven’s book is that Russia’s victory was not just due to luck, weather, or geography; it was the result of deliberate strategy and careful planning. Instead, he shows that the Russian state had a clear and strategic approach, meticulously crafted by its leaders. Tsar Alexander I and his advisors were not just confused figures scrambling in the face of adversity; they were skilled strategists who thoroughly understood the complexities of war and diplomacy. They successfully managed the intricate diplomatic efforts of the anti-Napoleonic coalition, forging essential alliances while simultaneously navigating the delicate relationships between various European powers. Furthermore, they adeptly handled the logistical challenges of coordinating and supporting half a million troops across Europe, ensuring that resources were allocated effectively and that troops were supplied consistently. The story goes beyond the well-known battles of 1812, like Borodino, which, while pivotal, were only part of a larger narrative. Lieven highlights the often-overlooked campaigns of 1813 and 1814, where the Russian army played a crucial role in pushing the French forces back across the continent and ultimately into Paris, showcasing not just resilience but also tactical brilliance that would shape the outcome of the war in favor of the coalition.

The book should be praised for its impressive depth and meticulous detail. It closely examines the complex relationship between Russia and France, starting with the pivotal Treaty of Tilsit in 1807, where the two nations formed an uneasy alliance that set the stage for future conflicts. Lieven skillfully combines diplomatic actions, intricate intelligence operations, and the stark realities of battlefield command, providing readers with a multifaceted view of this historical period. Although it is a thoroughly researched academic work, it has an engaging narrative and dramatic scope, not unlike Tolstoy’s War and Peace, which the subtitle thoughtfully references to draw connections. The narrative is rich with vivid descriptions and compelling characterizations that bring the historical figures to life. However, some readers feel that the long list of Russian generals and names, while crucial for an accurate portrayal of events, can make the text feel dry or hard to follow for those not familiar with the era, often requiring additional research to fully appreciate the intricacies of the relationships and events described. The balance between scholarly analysis and storytelling is a delicate one, and while many find it enriching, others may struggle to keep track of the numerous important figures involved.

​”Russia Against Napoleon” has been lauded as an instant classic and a necessary corrective, succeeding in its goal of restoring Russia to the center of a pivotal moment in European history. By accessing primary Russian sources and challenging Western, Soviet, and nationalist myths, Lieven provides a deeper understanding of the Imperial Russian state’s capabilities and resilience. The book’s ultimate conclusion is that Russia’s victory was a product of calculated political leadership, highly effective military strategy, and national endurance, the consequences of which cemented Russia’s role as both a major European power and a complex geo-political force for the following two centuries.

​”Russia Against Napoleon” is an authoritative and essential history that successfully shifts the narrative balance of the Napoleonic Wars. It offers a powerful and comprehensive case for Russia’s decisive role, making it a mandatory read for anyone seriously interested in the era.

A must have for the Napoleonic enthuisiast.