This was not planned and only happened on the spur of the moment when our whale watching tour was postponed to another day due to bad weather. The exhibition was far more than the entombed warriors and included a broad range of items covering many aspects of the Qin legacy. I have only been able to include a small cross section of the photos I took.
Charioteers sword with jade handle
Bronze pottery
Uniform weights and measures were introduced by the Chin
Ornate ceiling tiles
Jade jewellery items
Han Dynasty warriors. I had only seen pictures of these. The size of these which are less than half the height of the Chin reinforces the massive undertaking by the Chin Emperor.
Han Cavalry
Han Warriors
Chin Chariots (1)
Chin Chariots (2)
Chin warrior
Chin bowman
Chin Crossbowman
Chin bow and arrow
Chin warrior and horse
Chin Warrior
The ever changing colours on this display portrays the colurs the infantry were originally painted in.
Chin General
Display portraying the mercury lake
I’m the cool one in the middle!
A great day. The Museum of Western Australia is a must see if you are in Perth. The architecture of the buildings is worth the visit alone,
Dominic Lieven’s “Russia Against Napoleon: The True Story of the Campaigns of War and Peace” is an important and insightful historical work that re-establishes Russia’s vital role in the defeat of Napoleon, an aspect often overlooked in traditional narratives. The book boldly challenges the long-held Anglo-French perspective on the Napoleonic Wars, which frequently portrays the catastrophic 1812 campaign as merely an unfortunate outcome dictated by “General Winter,” while significantly downplaying the critical and strategic contributions made by Russia in the subsequent campaigns of 1813 and 1814. By providing a more nuanced understanding, Lieven reveals the complexities of military strategy, diplomacy, and the indomitable spirit of the Russian people during this tumultuous period. As a noted historian of Imperial Russia, he utilizes newly available Russian archives to present a comprehensive and detailed history, told not just from the perspective of military leaders but also reflecting the viewpoints of the Tsar’s court, the army, and the common citizens whose lives were deeply affected by these historic events. Through this thorough examination, Lieven invites readers to appreciate the full scope of Russia’s involvement and sacrifices during the Napoleonic Wars, ultimately reshaping our understanding of this pivotal chapter in European history.
A main point of Lieven’s book is that Russia’s victory was not just due to luck, weather, or geography; it was the result of deliberate strategy and careful planning. Instead, he shows that the Russian state had a clear and strategic approach, meticulously crafted by its leaders. Tsar Alexander I and his advisors were not just confused figures scrambling in the face of adversity; they were skilled strategists who thoroughly understood the complexities of war and diplomacy. They successfully managed the intricate diplomatic efforts of the anti-Napoleonic coalition, forging essential alliances while simultaneously navigating the delicate relationships between various European powers. Furthermore, they adeptly handled the logistical challenges of coordinating and supporting half a million troops across Europe, ensuring that resources were allocated effectively and that troops were supplied consistently. The story goes beyond the well-known battles of 1812, like Borodino, which, while pivotal, were only part of a larger narrative. Lieven highlights the often-overlooked campaigns of 1813 and 1814, where the Russian army played a crucial role in pushing the French forces back across the continent and ultimately into Paris, showcasing not just resilience but also tactical brilliance that would shape the outcome of the war in favor of the coalition.
The book should be praised for its impressive depth and meticulous detail. It closely examines the complex relationship between Russia and France, starting with the pivotal Treaty of Tilsit in 1807, where the two nations formed an uneasy alliance that set the stage for future conflicts. Lieven skillfully combines diplomatic actions, intricate intelligence operations, and the stark realities of battlefield command, providing readers with a multifaceted view of this historical period. Although it is a thoroughly researched academic work, it has an engaging narrative and dramatic scope, not unlike Tolstoy’s War and Peace, which the subtitle thoughtfully references to draw connections. The narrative is rich with vivid descriptions and compelling characterizations that bring the historical figures to life. However, some readers feel that the long list of Russian generals and names, while crucial for an accurate portrayal of events, can make the text feel dry or hard to follow for those not familiar with the era, often requiring additional research to fully appreciate the intricacies of the relationships and events described. The balance between scholarly analysis and storytelling is a delicate one, and while many find it enriching, others may struggle to keep track of the numerous important figures involved.
”Russia Against Napoleon” has been lauded as an instant classic and a necessary corrective, succeeding in its goal of restoring Russia to the center of a pivotal moment in European history. By accessing primary Russian sources and challenging Western, Soviet, and nationalist myths, Lieven provides a deeper understanding of the Imperial Russian state’s capabilities and resilience. The book’s ultimate conclusion is that Russia’s victory was a product of calculated political leadership, highly effective military strategy, and national endurance, the consequences of which cemented Russia’s role as both a major European power and a complex geo-political force for the following two centuries.
”Russia Against Napoleon” is an authoritative and essential history that successfully shifts the narrative balance of the Napoleonic Wars. It offers a powerful and comprehensive case for Russia’s decisive role, making it a mandatory read for anyone seriously interested in the era.
The Austrian Jäger-Bataillons were the elite part of the light infantry arm of the Austrian army during the Napoleonic Wars. Jäger, which means “hunter” in German, were skilled light infantrymen, often recruited from foresters and hunters in provinces like Bohemia, Moravia, and Tyrol. They were trained for skirmishing, sharpshooting, and operating in difficult terrain, providing a valuable contrast to the slow-moving line infantry.
The nine Jäger-Bataillons are now completed
1809 Austrian Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 1
1809 Austrian Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 2
1809 Austrian Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 3
1809 Austrian Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 4
1809 Austrian Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 5
1809 Austrian Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 6
1809 Austrian Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 7
1809 Austrian Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 8
1809 Austrian Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 9
The Jäger-Bataillons are now completed after only about fifty years time!
The first Jäger-Bataillon I painted and the first “real” metal unit I ever painted was the 1809 Austrian Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 2 shown above. I am really pleased that it is still in my collection!
Although this book isn’t about military history it is about one of my other passions.
Deborah Cadbury’s The Dinosaur Hunters (also known as Terrible Lizard) is a popular and engaging history of early paleontology that captivates readers with its vivid storytelling and well-researched details. It tells the true story of the fierce rivalry between two prominent 19th-century British scientists, Gideon Mantell and Richard Owen, whose contrasting personalities and ambitions ultimately led to the remarkable discovery of the world’s first dinosaurs. Mantell, a determined and often underestimated figure, was driven by a passion for fossils and a desire to make his mark in the scientific community, while Owen, a more established authority, sought recognition and prestige. Their interactions were marked by both collaboration and conflict, revealing not only the complexities of scientific discovery but also the deeply human emotions involved in the pursuit of knowledge. Cadbury should be commended for her ability to transform what could have been a dull academic history into an exciting narrative filled with drama, intrigue, and the personal struggles of these pioneering figures, making it a must-read for both science enthusiasts and general readers alike.
The book’s central focus is the compelling conflict between its two main characters. Gideon Mantell, a passionate, self-taught country doctor, was the initial discoverer of the giant fossil bones, most notably those of the Iguanodon. His obsessive dedication to his work, often conducted at great personal expense, led him toward a tragic life marked by misfortune, including the loss of his family and a crippling injury. In stark contrast stands Richard Owen, a brilliant, well-connected anatomist who enjoyed the favor of the London scientific establishment. While Owen is credited with coining the term “Dinosauria” (meaning “terrible lizard”), Cadbury portrays him as a ruthless and calculating antagonist who actively sought to undermine Mantell’s career, appropriate his discoveries, and secure all the professional acclaim for himself. This high-stakes clash between the struggling provincial genius and the powerful, morally questionable insider forms the “heroes and villains” narrative that makes the book so gripping.
Beyond the personal feud, Cadbury successfully frames the discoveries within the broader context of Victorian science and society. The narrative expertly details the emerging understanding of geology and stratigraphy—the science of rock layering—which provided the key to dating the fossils. It also explores the intense cultural and intellectual tension of the era, illustrating how the physical evidence of enormous, extinct reptiles directly challenged the prevailing literal interpretations of Biblical creation. Reviewers highlight that the book is not just about the dinosaurs themselves, but about the “human element in scientific discovery”: the sacrifices, the intense ambition, the ethical compromises, and the profound shift in understanding our planet’s history. Overall, The Dinosaur Hunters is highly recommended as a fast-paced, scholarly yet exhilarating introduction to the birth of a major science.
In 1809, the Austrian Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 9 was commanded by Major-Oberstleutnant Baron Carl Göldlin von Tieffenau. Born in 1759 in Lucerne, he came from the old Lucerne patrician family of Göldlin von Tiefenau. His military career began at the age of 19 when he joined the Infantry Regiment No. 16 as an officer cadet.
His early career saw him promoted to Ensign in 1779 and later transferred to Infantry Regiment No. 45 in 1783, where he became a Second Lieutenant in 1787. He served in the War of the Bavarian Succession and in campaigns against the Turks from 1788 to 1790, where he was promoted to First Lieutenant. He continued to serve in the Coalition Wars, and in September 1796, he was promoted to Captain. During the 1805 campaign, he was part of the Austrian army in Italy, and was promoted to Major on September 1 of that year.
In 1808, he was appointed as Lieutenant-Colonel of the newly formed Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 9. In 1809, during the War of the Fifth Coalition, he and his battalion were part of the 8th Army Corps. Göldlin von Tieffenau distinguished himself in several actions. On April 23, 1809, with his battalion and the Tyrolean militia, he defeated the French General Fontanelli at Bosco di Velo. The following day, he attacked the French at Ravazzona and Mori, achieving another victory. He was also involved in the defense of the Strub Pass and Kufstein. Göldlin von Tieffenau was later promoted to Colonel and was awarded the Knight’s Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa. He died on February 11, 1826, in Graz.
The Austrian Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 9 was an elite light infantry unit of the Austrian Imperial-Royal Army that saw significant action during the Napoleonic Wars. Formed on September 1, 1808, from the 9th Division of the Jäger Regiment “Marquis Chasteler Nr. 64,” the battalion was primarily recruited from Inner Austria, particularly from Styria and Carinthia, earning it the nicknames “Steirisches” (Styrian) or “Kärnten” (Carinthian) Jägers.
Its organization consisted of six field companies and one depot company, making it smaller than a typical line infantry battalion, with a field strength of about 400-500 men. These Jägers were expert marksmen and skirmishers, often deployed as a screen for the main army’s advance, using terrain and cover to their advantage to deliver precise volleys.
The year 1809 was pivotal for the battalion, as it was a part of the Austrian forces that fought against Napoleon’s Grande Armée in the War of the Fifth Coalition. Commanded by Major-Oberstleutnant Baron Carl Göldlin von Tieffenau, the unit was initially deployed with the corps of Feldmarschalleutnant Chasteler to defend Tyrol. They participated in several key engagements, including the battles at the bridge at Ladritz, Bucco di Vela, Volano, Castelpietra, and Pilcante.
Their tactical role as light infantry was crucial in these battles. Later in the campaign, the Jäger-Bataillon Nr. 9 played a role in the major Austrian victory at the Battle of Aspern-Essling in May 1809, which was Napoleon’s first personal defeat in a major battle. They also fought at the Battle of Wagram in July 1809, where they demonstrated their characteristic tactics by taking cover in a drainage ditch to unleash a surprise volley on French columns, successfully capturing cannons and a redoubt.
Following the intense 1809 campaign, the battalion was reinforced with Jäger detachments from the disbanded “Freikorps Corneville.” It continued to serve throughout the subsequent campaigns of the Napoleonic Wars, maintaining its reputation as a skilled and effective light infantry unit. Over time, its designation changed, and it eventually became known as the K.u.k. Feldjägerbataillon Nr. 9, with its home garrison located in Graz, Styria. Its legacy as an elite unit of the Austrian Imperial-Royal Army was firmly established during its valorous actions in 1809.
That finishes the nine 1809 Austrian Jäger-Bataillons. Next for the Austrians is the completion of the complete Grenadier Corps at Wagram. I think I have six of the sixteen battalions to go! These will be a while though!
Tomorrow I will show off all of the nine Jaeger Battalions together.
Get ready to dive into the world of Dinosaurs with This, the first of my published rule sets! This game is designed for pure fun, offering a fast, easy-to-learn experience that’s perfect for children of all ages. Forget about complicated setups or expensive pieces; you can use any toy dinosaurs you already have to bring your epic battles to life. From the towering Tyrannosaurus Rex to the speedy Velociraptor, every one of your plastic pals can join the fray.
Inside this rule set, you’ll discover e
verything you need to play right away. I’ve simplified the mechanics so you can focus on the action and adventure, not getting bogged down in complex rules. You’ll learn how to move your dinosaurs, engage in thrilling combat, and even devise cunning strategies to outwit your opponents. All that’s left is for you to gather your favourite prehistoric pals and start stomping! It’s time to create your own dinosaur sagas and let your imagination roam wild. What kind of epic dinosaur adventures will you create?
A Vivandière (or later, more commonly, Cantinière) in the Napoleonic era was a woman officially attached to a French military regiment, serving as a sutler or canteen keeper.
Their main job was to provide extra food, drinks (usually wine or brandy), and small items (like tobacco and writing supplies) to the soldiers, ensuring that their needs were met beyond the bare essentials. This support was particularly important during long marches and extended campaigns, where soldiers might find themselves far from proper supply lines.
The official army supply system often delivered only basic rations, which typically consisted of simple bread and salted meat, making the additional provisions from these suppliers essential for troop morale and comfort. These extra comforts not only helped sustain the soldiers physically but also played a crucial role in lifting their spirits, fostering camaraderie, and maintaining their fighting resolve in challenging conditions.
Initially, only a few male soldiers, known as vivandiers, had the right to sell goods to the regiment, which included a variety of provisions essential for the troops’ sustenance. These men, tasked with the responsibility of ensuring that their fellow soldiers had access to food, tools, and other necessities, were often busy with their military duties and engagements on the battlefield. As a result of this demanding schedule, they were permitted to marry, a decision that not only provided them with companionship but also allowed for a more efficient management of their vending responsibilities.
Consequently, their wives took over the vending duties as vivandières, stepping into roles that required them to be resourceful and resilient. These vivandières played a crucial part in the daily life of the regiment, managing supplies, catering to the soldiers’ needs, and establishing a supportive environment that helped maintain morale during times of hardship.
They were legally authorized to accompany the army, which differentiated them from unauthorized “camp followers.” A 1793 law solidified their official status. They were often viewed as integral members of the regiment.
Cantinières were well-known for their extraordinary courage, often fearlessly venturing directly onto the chaotic battlefield, even while under heavy fire, to provide much-needed food and drinks, usually at no cost, to uplift and encourage the weary troops.
Their presence was a vital source of morale among the soldiers, reminding them of home and the support waiting for them. In addition to their role as providers, they also served as field nurses, dedicating their time to tending to the sick and wounded, offering comfort and care during the most challenging times, often using their own supplies and resources to treat the injured, showcasing their unwavering commitment to the soldiers’ well-being.
They often wore a unique, feminine version of their regiment’s uniform, usually consisting of a fitted jacket adorned with intricate insignia and a knee-length skirt layered over trousers, which provided both elegance and practicality. This distinctive attire not only showcased their individuality but also fostered a sense of camaraderie among the members of the regiment.
Their most recognizable accessory was the tonnelet, a small barrel carried over the shoulder to serve alcohol, which symbolized hospitality and festivity. This barrel was often ornately designed, reflecting the pride they took in their appearance and their role within the community. As they moved through various social gatherings, the attire and tonnelet became a defining element of their identity, drawing attention and admiration from those around them.
The term Cantinière, which means canteen, started to replace Vivandière around the French Revolution (1793), reflecting shifts in both terminology and social roles during this tumultuous period. Both terms are used interchangeably, yet Cantinière became more common during the Napoleonic Wars, signifying the evolving nature of support roles within the military.
These women were not only tasked with providing food and supplies to soldiers in the field but also played a crucial part in boosting morale and caring for the wounded. Their contributions were vital, often requiring them to navigate the challenges of warfare while displaying immense resilience and dedication. Thus, while the terms may appear similar, the Cantinière took on a distinctive identity that resonated with the spirit of the time, underscoring the essential role women played in supporting military efforts.
Tomorrow the last of the Austrian 1809 Jaeger regiments
Hugh Dolan’s book, Gallipoli Air War: The Unknown Story of the Fight for the Skies Over Gallipoli, presents a detailed and comprehensive history that highlights the often-overlooked air campaign during the pivotal 1915 battle, shifting the narrative from the extensive trench fighting that many associate with World War I. Dolan meticulously argues that the early air services of the Allies, which included the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service, as well as the Turkish and German forces, had a far more significant impact on the war than is usually recognized by historians and military analysts alike.
He emphasizes that these air services were not merely supportive units, but vital components of operational strategy that could have altered the course of the conflict. Drawing from his own extensive experience as a military intelligence officer, Dolan boldly suggests that if air intelligence had been properly developed, effectively integrated, and utilized during this campaign, the Allies might have successfully taken the Dardanelles and ultimately seized Constantinople (Istanbul), thereby achieving a critical strategic advantage that could have reshaped the outcome of the war. Through this lens, Dolan invites readers to reconsider the air war’s crucial role in the broader context of military history and the lessons that can be learned from this underappreciated aspect of the conflict.
The campaign involved using early and fragile aviation technology that marked a significant evolution in military strategy. Allied pilots and observers completed over 2,000 missions in basic biplanes, seaplanes, and observation balloons, each tasked with vital roles that contributed to the overall war effort. These missions were inherently dangerous, not just because of the relentless attacks from the Turkish Air Service, but also due to unpredictable weather conditions and the mechanical unreliability of the aircraft, which could fail at any moment.
Many Allied seaplanes operated from the first makeshift aircraft carriers, which were often converted ships, illustrating the experimental nature of the entire operation and the resourcefulness of military engineers. Despite the challenges, the airmen focused primarily on crucial reconnaissance missions that gathered intelligence on enemy movements, spotting artillery for the Royal Navy’s heavy guns, and conducting light bombing raids that aimed to disrupt supply lines. Their bravery and ingenuity in the face of adversity helped lay the groundwork for future advancements in aerial combat and reconnaissance techniques.
Dolan’s detailed research shows a major failure in the Allied command structure that had serious implications for the success of military operations. The aviators provided important real-time intelligence about Turkish movements and defenses, showcasing their ability to gather and relay essential information from the skies. However, senior generals like General Sir Ian Hamilton often ignored this valuable intelligence, placing undue emphasis on traditional tactics and methodologies that were becoming increasingly obsolete.
The author points out that the intelligence from the air clearly indicated the ground situation, offering a unique perspective that could have shifted the tide of battle. Nevertheless, many traditional army officers were hesitant to use the insights from new aerial technology, preferring to rely on established practices that they were more comfortable with. This reluctance not only hindered their operational effectiveness but also fostered a disconnect between ground and air forces. Dolan argues that this failure to adequately utilize air intelligence was a key reason why the campaign ultimately failed, as it prevented commanders from making informed decisions based on a comprehensive understanding of the battlefield dynamics.
Hugh Dolan’s own career lends credibility to his analysis. He is a historian with a Master’s degree from Oxford and extensive military service, including roles as an intelligence officer in both the British Army (in Bosnia) and the Royal Australian Air Force (including service in the Iraq War). This background allows him to interpret the historical intelligence reports with a professional eye, providing a compelling narrative that is interwoven with the personal accounts of the pilots and observers. Gallipoli Air War is one of several works by Dolan that seek to demystify and re-examine key moments in Australian military history, alongside titles like 36 Days.
A great read and whilst I was very familiar with the land battle for the Gallipoli peninsula I was totally unaware of this facet of the campaign. It filled a gap in my knowledge and is a must have if you are interested in the campaign.
I only had my phone camera with me which has a pretty poor zoom. Fortunately the tour operator has a crewman dedicated solely to getting some great pics for customers to download free of charge.
Humpback escort pod during southern migration can be two version, a male and female travelling together or the pod structure we observed today of one male escort, a mother and her calf. It was wonderful to see our very first breaching bub this morning as we arrived two a scene of commotion with two seperate pods near each other and showing interest. The pod to our left was a mum and calf who seemed hesitant to approach the second pod to our right and we soon realised why, it was an escort pod.
A very large female surfaced with her extremely healthy calf and a protective male escort as all three seemed busy with the mornings activities. It was now clear why the second mum and calf were not too keen on approaching as the protective escort male didn’t really want any further company. The playful calf leapt so high and by showing of the belly we could confirm it was a little girl, how sweet!
She breached a few more times before rolling over onto her side and attempting a few pec slaps which got caught in the morning breeze. The little family unit then approached us with much curiosity as they swam circles and circles around us and came in so very close. The mother was extremely relaxed along with there calf but their male escort was a little flustered as he tried his best to keep himself wedged in-between our vessel and the female and calf he was guarding.
The mother whale deliberately outmanoeuvred him as she wanted to get closer to us and in frustration our cheeky male rolled over into a couple of powerful tail lobs. Eventually he gave up trying to guide mum and calf away from us and instead joined in on the curious approaches for a closer look, he seemed to realise we weren’t going to take his girl away from him! It was a very special interaction to be welcomed in to this escort pod and see all whales today enjoying their time in the resting grounds, hopefully this will be the start of many more mums and bubs southbound along with their marvellous and protective male escort bodyguards.
“Captain”
Thanks to Whale Watch Western Australia for the text and photos. To see these gentle giants up close, and free in the wild was just awe inspiring.
