The Twilight Order

After completing the Church of Dagon, the Dark Confederacy and the Crimson Coven of Salem, it seemed only reasonable to recruit another group who might, with considerable generosity, be described as the good guys. The Twilight Order is an ancient brotherhood of monster hunters whose origins reach back to the Crusades and whose long war against Dracula has followed him across the Atlantic and into the American West. There the old traditions of armour, blessed weapons and religious devotion have been forced to accommodate six shooters, rifles and the rather more direct methods of frontier justice.

My posse will eventually number eleven figures (coz that’s what I have), combining the Order’s traditional warriors with ordinary gunfighters and a little supernatural assistance.

The Preacher, Arcanist
The spiritual centre of the posse and the man responsible for confronting threats that cannot simply be dealt with by putting another bullet into them. His faith is genuine, although experience has taught him that prayer works considerably better when accompanied by a loaded firearm.

Two Crusaders with Two Pistols Each
These are the Order adapted to the American frontier, retaining the discipline and purpose of their medieval predecessors while exchanging sword and shield for paired revolvers. Crusaders are among the Order’s specialist monster hunters, protected by armour and carrying weapons prepared for supernatural opponents.

Two Crusaders with Rifles
Where their pistol armed brethren close with the enemy, these two prefer to destroy evil at a respectable distance. Their rifles give the posse some much needed long range firepower while allowing the Crusaders to watch over their less heavily protected companions.

A maximum of two Crusader can be used in a posse, but the four give me the option of upgrading with rifles if I wish.

Two Templars of the Order, Supernatural Hired Guns
The Templars represent the older and considerably less accommodating face of the Twilight Order. Clad and armed in a fashion that would have looked perfectly at home several centuries earlier, they are warriors for whom the arrival of Dracula in America merely means that the battlefield has changed. The published miniature range specifically identifies the Templar as a Twilight Order Hired Gun. Unfortunately I am only allowed to hire one Templar of the order in any posse so one will probably just sit in the box or used as a gunslinger.

Three Gunslingers with Pistols
Not everyone fighting monsters needs centuries of tradition behind them. These three are frontier gunfighters who have attached themselves to the Order for reasons of their own, bringing quick hands, loaded pistols and the useful Western understanding that sometimes the best theological argument is delivered at close range.

The Seraphim
The strangest member of the posse is not really a member at all, but a supernatural ally summoned by an Arcanist when the Order requires rather more substantial assistance. The Seraphim is described as a winged warrior armed with twin blessed silver pistols, essentially bringing divine intervention to the battlefield in the form of an angelic gunslinger. Beyond that, I have found surprisingly little detailed background in the published material, so I will probably develop her character from what we do know rather than inventing anything that contradicts the setting.

That gives me the complete recruitment plan for the Twilight Order, although at present recruitment mostly consists of figures waiting patiently to be cleaned, undercoated and painted. Once they begin emerging from the painting table I will give each of them a name and proper backstory, building the posse in the same way as the Dark Confederacy, Church of Dagon and my other Dracula’s America forces. For now the Order has assembled. They simply need uniforms, weapons, faces and, judging by some of the figures currently staring accusingly at me from the painting queue, a little divine patience.

THE AWAKENING OF DAGON – A Dracula’s America Scenario for the Church of Dagon

Something has been found beneath the old mission.

For generations there had been stories about the place, although sensible folk treated them in much the same way as they treated tales of haunted mines, lost Confederate gold and things seen moving beneath the water after dark. The Church of Dagon knew better. Beneath the ruins, half submerged in black water and surrounded by stones carved long before Europeans reached these shores, they found the enormous form of something that should not exist.

The priests recognised their god.

Dagon sleeps, but the Shadow War has weakened whatever power once kept him dormant. The Church has gathered around its master and begun the rites that will awaken him. Another posse has learned what is happening and arrived with the rather sensible intention of making sure that he remains asleep.

THE TABLE

Place Dagon in the centre of the table within a suitable Sleeping Place, perhaps a flooded ruin, ancient shrine, abandoned chapel or stone circle.

Place three Ritual Markers around Dagon, each approximately 6 inches from him and roughly evenly spaced. These might represent altars, standing stones, braziers, sacrificial tables or other suitably unpleasant religious furniture.

The Church of Dagon deploys within 12 inches of Dagon.

The opposing posse deploys within 6 inches of any table edge.

The game lasts six turns.

Dagon remains on the table throughout the game but begins dormant and cannot be attacked.

SCENARIO RULES

Summoning Points

The Church is attempting to accumulate supernatural power over the six turns of the game. This is represented by Summoning Points.

The Church may gain a maximum of one Summoning Point per turn.

Place each Summoning Point beside Dagon so that both players can see the progress of the awakening.

At the beginning of the game, only the Church Arcanist can generate Summoning Points.

The Arcanist

The Arcanist does not require a Ritual Marker to conduct the Awakening Ritual. Dagon himself is the focus of the ceremony.

To attempt to gain a Summoning Point, the Arcanist must be within 6 inches of Dagon.

The Arcanist must use:

Action 1: Concentrate.

Action 2: Cast.

The Awakening Ritual has Difficulty Rating 3.

Make the Casting Test normally, including the +1 modifier gained from Concentrating.

If successful, the Church gains one Summoning Point.

If unsuccessful, nothing is gained that turn. The ritual continues and another attempt may be made during a subsequent turn.

Only one Summoning Point may be gained during each turn.

The Emissary of Dagon

While the Arcanist remains in play, only the Arcanist may attempt the Awakening Ritual.

If the Arcanist is taken Out of Action and the Emissary of Dagon remains alive, the Emissary may continue the ritual.

Like the Arcanist, the Emissary does not require a Ritual Marker and need only be within 6 inches of Dagon.

The Emissary follows the same procedure:

Action 1: Concentrate.

Action 2: Cast.

The Awakening Ritual remains Difficulty Rating 3, with the normal +1 modifier for Concentrating.

A successful Casting Test generates one Summoning Point.

The Blood of the Faithful

If both the Arcanist and the Emissary of Dagon have been taken Out of Action, the Church can no longer generate Summoning Points through sorcery.

Any remaining Church model may instead voluntarily sacrifice itself at a surviving Ritual Marker.

The model must begin its activation in contact with the Ritual Marker and use Action 1 to make the sacrifice.

Remove the model from play immediately and add one Summoning Point.

No Casting Test is required.

Only one sacrifice may generate a Summoning Point each turn, and the normal maximum of one Summoning Point per turn still applies.

Ritual Markers

Ritual Markers are not required by either the Arcanist or Emissary. Their primary purpose is to provide sacrificial sites should both ritual leaders be killed.

An enemy model in contact with a Ritual Marker may use an Action to attempt to destroy or desecrate it. Make a Difficulty Rating 3 Fight Test.

If successful, remove the Ritual Marker.

A destroyed Ritual Marker cannot be restored.

The markers may be attacked from the beginning of the game, even though their real importance may not become apparent until much later.

If all three Ritual Markers are destroyed and both the Arcanist and Emissary are Out of Action, no further Summoning Points can be generated.

Dagon Stirs

1 Summoning Point: The water surrounding Dagon begins to ripple.

2 Summoning Points: Dagon moves. Every model within 6 inches must make a Courage Test.

3 Summoning Points: The ground trembles. The area within 6 inches of Dagon counts as Difficult Ground for the remainder of the game.

4 Summoning Points: Dagon begins to breathe. Every model within 8 inches must make a Courage Test. Church models receive +1 to this test.

5 Summoning Points: Dagon opens his eyes. Every non Church model with line of sight to Dagon must immediately make a Courage Test.

6 Summoning Points: Dagon begins to rise.

Dagon Cannot Be Attacked

Dagon has no game profile and cannot be targeted by shooting, close combat or Arcane Powers.

The battle is about preventing his awakening, not fighting him after it happens.

THE FINAL AWAKENING TEST

At the end of Turn Six, calculate the Church’s Awakening Number.

Begin with the number of Summoning Points accumulated during the game and apply the following bonuses:

+1 if all three Ritual Markers remain intact.

+1 if both the Arcanist and Emissary of Dagon are still alive.

Then roll 1D10.

If the result is equal to or less than the final Awakening Number, Dagon awakens.

If the result is greater than the Awakening Number, Dagon remains asleep.

Example

The Church has accumulated 4 Summoning Points.

All three Ritual Markers remain intact, giving +1.

Both the Arcanist and Emissary are still alive, giving another +1.

The Church therefore has an Awakening Number of:

4 + 1 + 1 = 6

Dagon awakens on a D10 result of 1 to 6.

If one Ritual Marker had been destroyed, the first bonus would be lost and Dagon would awaken only on 1 to 5.

If the Arcanist had also been killed, neither condition would be satisfied and Dagon would awaken only on 1 to 4.

The maximum Awakening Number is therefore 8, giving the Church an 80 percent chance of success if it gains all six Summoning Points, keeps every Ritual Marker intact and somehow manages to keep both ritual leaders alive.

VICTORY

If the Final Awakening Test succeeds, Dagon awakens and the Church of Dagon wins.

If the Final Awakening Test fails, the opposing posse wins.

This makes every part of the battlefield important. The attackers can reduce Dagon’s chances by disrupting the ritual, destroying even a single Ritual Marker, killing either ritual leader, or forcing the Church into increasingly desperate blood sacrifices.

The Church, meanwhile, cannot simply concentrate on accumulating Summoning Points. Keeping its three Ritual Markers intact and protecting both the Arcanist and Emissary can provide another two points towards the final Awakening Number.

By Turn Six, every casualty, every destroyed altar and every successful ritual has contributed to the final moment.

Then someone rolls the D10.

And everyone discovers whether Dagon wakes.

Thanks to ChatGPT for assistance with the illustrations.

An Accidental Brush with History by Elizabeth Marshall

There are many histories of Nazi Germany written with the considerable advantage of hindsight. We know where events were heading, we recognise the significance of developments that contemporaries could easily dismiss, and we inevitably read accounts of the 1930s with Auschwitz, the Second World War and the destruction of much of Europe already in our minds. Elizabeth Marshall’s An Accidental Brush with History is interesting precisely because it approaches the period from the opposite direction. Marshall was a young Australian woman living in Germany before the war, recording a society whose future had not yet been written.

The book draws heavily upon Marshall’s contemporary letters and diaries from her time in Germany. She had travelled to Europe in the 1930s and lived in Germany while learning the language. These circumstances placed her in the unusual position of being both participant and outsider. She was living within German society sufficiently closely to observe ordinary life, yet she retained the perspective of someone who had grown up elsewhere and could therefore notice things that might have appeared unremarkable to those around her.

This is the great strength of the book. Marshall was not a diplomat, journalist, intelligence officer or political activist sent to Germany specifically to analyse Hitler and National Socialism. She was a young woman getting on with her life who happened to find herself watching one of the most consequential political transformations of the twentieth century. The result is history viewed from street level rather than from the cabinet room.

That distinction matters. Histories of Nazi Germany understandably concentrate upon Hitler, the Nazi Party, rearmament, antisemitism, foreign policy and the machinery of dictatorship. Marshall’s perspective reminds us that enormous political changes are experienced by most people in much smaller increments. The transformation of Germany did not arrive every morning announcing itself as another stage on the road to catastrophe. Political symbolism became more prominent, attitudes changed, restrictions accumulated and behaviours that might once have seemed extraordinary increasingly became part of everyday life.

For me, this gradual process is the most interesting aspect of the book. We are accustomed to looking backwards and identifying turning points, but people living through events rarely possess that luxury. They encounter individual incidents without knowing which will eventually prove important. Marshall’s contemporary observations consequently possess an immediacy that a retrospective memoir written entirely from memory could never quite reproduce.

The letters and diaries are also valuable because they preserve uncertainty. That can occasionally make them frustrating historical documents, since Marshall naturally did not understand everything she witnessed, but that is precisely what makes them useful. Historical actors do not possess footnotes explaining what will happen next. Rumour, incomplete information, personal impressions and misunderstanding are part of lived history. Marshall allows us to see something of that uncertainty rather than imposing too neat an interpretation upon it.

There are limitations. This is not, and should not be approached as, a comprehensive history of the rise of Nazi Germany. Marshall could only describe the Germany she personally encountered, and her social circumstances inevitably shaped what she saw. Her observations cannot tell us what every German thought about Hitler, nor can individual experiences provide a substitute for the enormous scholarly literature examining the political, economic and racial foundations of National Socialism.

There is also an unavoidable tension when contemporary documents are subsequently assembled into a published narrative. The author knows how the story ends even though the younger woman writing the original letters did not. Readers know even more. A comment that may have appeared relatively insignificant when first written can acquire an ominous quality because we recognise what followed. That hindsight cannot be eliminated completely, and readers need to distinguish between Marshall’s contemporary observations and the significance we subsequently attach to them.

Yet this limitation actually points towards one of the book’s greatest values. An Accidental Brush with History demonstrates how difficult it is to recognise historical turning points while standing in the middle of them. Dictatorships are much easier to identify retrospectively than they are while institutions, social expectations and accepted standards of behaviour are being progressively altered.

Marshall’s later service in the Women’s Royal Naval Service adds another dimension to the story. The young Australian who had travelled to Germany to learn its language eventually found herself serving during the war produced by the political transformation she had witnessed. The contrast gives the memoir an unusual completeness without turning it into a conventional military autobiography.

The title is therefore particularly appropriate. Marshall did have an accidental brush with history, although perhaps something rather more substantial than a brush. She found herself close enough to extraordinary events to record them while still remaining an ordinary observer. That combination makes the book worthwhile.

I found An Accidental Brush with History most rewarding when read not simply as another book about Hitler or Nazi Germany, but as a study of how people experience historical change. Its importance lies in the small observations, the uncertainty and the accumulation of incidents whose eventual significance was far clearer to later generations than it could possibly have been to the young woman recording them.

For the military historian, there are books that provide considerably more detail about German rearmament, strategy and the road to war. For the political historian, there are more analytical studies of National Socialism. Marshall offers something different and, in some respects, more intimate: the opportunity to watch history developing before the observer knew what sort of history she was witnessing.

That makes this a modest but valuable memoir. It is also a useful reminder that the people who witness great historical events rarely recognise them as neat chapters in a history book. They simply wake up each morning and discover that the world around them has changed a little more.

Rating: 4 out of 5.

Recommended, particularly for readers interested in interwar Germany, eyewitness accounts, social history and the experience of ordinary people caught up in extraordinary political change.

You Cannot Have a Church of Dagon Without the “Big Guy” Himself

There was always going to be something missing from my Church of Dagon posse. I could have the priests, the faithful, the Deep Ones and all the other unpleasant things that crawl out of the dark places, but sooner or later somebody was going to ask the obvious question. Where is Dagon?

The answer is now standing on the gaming table.

For the “Big Guy” I have used the Giant Mutant from the Mantic Haunted House boxed set, a suitably enormous and thoroughly unpleasant miniature that, with the right treatment, makes a very convincing Dagon look alike. He towers over the rest of the posse, which is exactly what I wanted. This is not supposed to be another hired gun who wanders into the saloon looking for work. This is something ancient, monstrous and decidedly beyond the normal scale of Dracula’s America.

The Thing Beneath the Water

The Church teaches that Dagon was old when mankind first learned to fear the darkness beyond the firelight. He slept beneath black waters while nations rose and disappeared, hearing the prayers of those who understood that the sea does not belong to humanity and never has. Most dismissed such stories as the ravings of isolated fishing communities, although those who investigated too closely had an unfortunate habit of disappearing.

Then came the Shadow War.

As supernatural forces spread across America, the barriers separating the ordinary world from older and considerably less pleasant places began to weaken. The priests of Dagon recognised their opportunity. Their rituals became more ambitious, their sacrifices greater and their congregations increasingly convinced that they were not merely worshipping an absent god. Something was listening.

Eventually, something answered.

Whether the creature discovered and worshipped by the Church really is Dagon is another question entirely. Perhaps it is the Old One himself, somehow trapped in a dormant state within the mortal world. Perhaps it is an avatar, a lesser servant wearing a shape that the human mind can comprehend, or simply some enormous Deep One elevated by generations of worship into something approaching divinity. The priests have no doubts.

They call him Father Dagon.

Everyone else calls him something considerably less polite while running in the opposite direction.

Putting Dagon on the Table

There are no official rules for fielding Dagon in Dracula’s America, and I actually think that is a good thing. Giving him a normal profile, a points value and the possibility of being shot dead by an enthusiastic cowboy with a six shooter rather misses the point. Dagon should not simply become another large model in the posse. He should be an event.

Rather than having Dagon suddenly appear when a ritual succeeds, I prefer the idea of making the model the physical centrepiece of the table from the beginning. Dagon is already there, dormant and unmoving, perhaps standing within a flooded cavern, an abandoned chapel, a ruined mission or some ancient ritual site that the Church has discovered and claimed as its own. The great creature does nothing at first, but its presence dominates the battlefield and makes it perfectly clear what the Church is trying to achieve.

The scenario therefore becomes a race to awaken Dagon. The Church must reach the ritual site, protect its priests and complete whatever ceremonies are required to stir the sleeping Old One, while the opposing posse must break through the congregation and stop them. Dagon remains on the table throughout the game, looming over proceedings as a rather substantial reminder of what will happen if the defenders fail.

I think this works particularly well for Dracula’s America because the actual fighting can still use the normal rules. There is no need to invent an enormous collection of statistics for Dagon because, while he sleeps, he does not need any. He is effectively terrain, an objective and a very large threat all rolled into one.

The Church might need to accumulate a number of successful ritual actions, hold several sacred locations around Dagon, or keep its preacher alive and within the ritual area for a set number of turns. Their opponents know exactly what is happening and exactly how long they have to stop it. As the ritual progresses there could even be signs that something is changing. Dagon begins to stir, the ground trembles, strange noises come from the water and everyone sensible starts wondering whether whatever they are being paid is really worth it.

If the opposing posse disrupts the ritual before it is completed, Dagon remains dormant and the Church has failed. If the Church completes the ritual, Dagon awakens and the game is over. There is no final battle against him and no opportunity for somebody to produce a lucky shot and kill an ancient horror with a revolver. The Church has achieved its objective, the Old One has awakened and anybody still hanging around to see what happens next has seriously misunderstood the situation.

Most importantly, I would never include Dagon as a permanent member of the Church posse. His appearance should be rare enough that seeing the model standing in the middle of the table immediately tells everyone that this particular game is going to be something different.

The Giant Mutant gives me exactly the imposing model I wanted for the role. He may never receive an official Dracula’s America profile and he certainly will not be turning up every week alongside the Church gunslingers, but that really does not matter.

After all, if you are going to build a Church of Dagon, sooner or later you have to wake the Big Guy up.

In a few days I will post “An Awakening of Dagon” scenario in the Dracula’s America scenario style for you to use.

Trench Crawl: Several Wrong Turns and One Big Exercise in Futility!

Last night I managed to get another game of Trench Crawl onto the table, this time against JT. As this was one of those occasions when the designer actually has to play his own rules rather than merely explain why they should work, I approached the evening with considerable confidence. This confidence lasted approximately as long as it took us to draw the first few cards.

The first game could hardly have produced two more different trench systems. JT’s trench set off across the table towards victory with all the determination of a Roman road builder who had been told there was overtime available if he reached the other side before lunch. Mine, meanwhile, meandered across the battlefield like a drunken surveyor looking for the pub he had just left. Every new section seemed determined to take me anywhere except towards the objective, until eventually the Exploration Deck put me out of my misery and presented me with a dead end.Doh!

JT therefore took the first game, and we reset everything for another attempt. The second game began in much the same fashion, with JT once again heading confidently towards the far side of the table while I began another scenic tour of the Italian defensive system. This time, however, the cards decided that JT had enjoyed quite enough success for one evening. After a promising start his trench suddenly terminated in a dead end. There was some satisfaction in this development, although not quite as much as I would have liked because he was still considerably further across the table than I was.

That meant I had to keep going.

Disaster nearly struck when my wandering trench began heading directly towards JT’s abandoned one. Apparently there are few things more embarrassing in trench warfare than spending half the battle crawling through enemy trenches in the wrong direction and then discovering somebody else’s trench occupying the space where you intended to go. For a while it looked as though I might manage the remarkable achievement of blocking my own advance with my opponent’s failed advance.

Fortunately, another turn appeared before the whole thing became a magnificent monument to poor military engineering. My trench swung around and finally began heading in the correct direction. Victory was suddenly possible, although the Italians had clearly decided that if they could not stop me getting there, they could at least make certain that very few Australians arrived to enjoy it.

By the time my battered section finally made its way through the position, I had only about half the troops I had started with. The enemy had proved considerably more resistant than I would have preferred, and the gradual loss of manpower and firepower certainly made those final trench sections rather more uncomfortable than the early ones. Still, a victory is a victory, particularly when the alternative is explaining how you managed to get lost in a trench system game that you designed yourself.

So we finished the evening one game each, which seemed a suitably respectable result for both of us.

There was, however, one important piece of playtesting feedback on which JT and I were in complete agreement. Our old and tired eyes are apparently no longer compatible with the original Quick Reference Sheet. The rules were fine. Reading the bloody thing was becoming the real test of morale. I have therefore given the QRS a bit of attention, changing the layout and increasing the font size so that consulting the rules no longer requires binoculars, a magnifying glass and the eyesight of a twenty year old.

I have added the revised two page A4 QRS to the blog for anyone interested in downloading it. It may not prevent your trench from wandering aimlessly across the battlefield, colliding with your opponent’s trench or ending abruptly in the middle of nowhere, but at least you will now be able to read the QRS explaining exactly how badly things have gone.

The Bell Beneath Blackwater Creek – A Tale of the Crimson Coven of Salem

The bell began ringing three nights after Saint Jude’s Church burned to the ground, although there was very little left of the building capable of producing any sound at all. The roof had collapsed during the fire, the eastern wall had followed before dawn, and the timber tower had fallen across the cemetery, splintering among the graves of those who had built Blackwater Creek and those who had died believing that the town, and the order upon which it rested, would endure long after them. The bell itself had disappeared. Men searched for it among the ashes, beneath the blackened timbers and eventually in the shallow creek behind the churchyard, but they found neither bronze nor iron, nor any fragment that might explain where it had gone.

Nevertheless, shortly after midnight on the third night, the bell rang once.

On the following night it rang twice, and on the night after that three times, until the people of Blackwater Creek began closing their shutters before sunset and pretending not to notice that every sound seemed louder once darkness settled over the town. The first person to disappear was Jeremiah Crowley, an elderly shopkeeper whose family name appeared on half the oldest deeds in the district. His boots were discovered beside his mother’s grave the following morning. Anna Finch disappeared the next night after telling a neighbour that she had dreamed of her grandmother standing beside the creek, while Robert Mills, Samuel Deacon and Martha Pike followed over the next several evenings. Billy Carter, who was seventeen and possessed the particular confidence of young men who have not yet encountered anything stronger than themselves, announced that he intended to spend the night in the cemetery and discover what was happening. His rifle was found leaning against the wall at sunrise.

Billy was not.

By then Sheriff Nathan Cole had abandoned the comfortable explanation that nervous townspeople were frightening one another and had sent messages in several directions asking for assistance. One of those messages eventually reached people who understood that there were things in the world older than law, older than churches and considerably older than the men who believed themselves qualified to explain both.

Five days later the Crimson Coven of Salem arrived at Blackwater Creek.

Prudence Blackwood sat at the rear of the wagon and studied the settlement as it appeared beyond the last low rise. She was the eldest of the three witches, although nobody who knew her particularly well would have considered asking how much older, and she had spent enough years confronting the Arcane to recognise places in which the ordinary world had begun to fray. Blackwater Creek announced itself quietly. There were no spectral figures beside the road and no unnatural lights among the trees, but every dog in the settlement had turned toward the ruined church and remained there in complete silence.

Beside Prudence sat Rebecca Crowe, whose knowledge of healing extended well beyond the setting of broken bones or the closing of wounds. She had learned long ago that the most persistent injuries were frequently those that respectable people refused to acknowledge, particularly when acknowledging them would require admitting that a household, a church, a community or an entire social order might itself be the source of the harm. Rebecca watched the townspeople rather than the ruins and saw fear everywhere, in the movement of curtains behind windows, in the speed with which doors were closed and in the way women lowered their voices whenever a husband, father or employer approached.

Abigail Hawthorne sat opposite them with her doll Patience resting against the folds of her crimson dress. She was the youngest member of the Coven and looked sufficiently harmless for most strangers to underestimate her, which Prudence had always considered one of Abigail’s greatest advantages. People often found it difficult to imagine power when it appeared in the form of a young woman, and they found it harder still when that power carried a doll rather than a gun.

Patience had therefore proved educational.

Elias Ward rode beside the wagon. Men bearing his family name had once stood among those who condemned women in Salem, and although Elias had never accepted the idea that guilt passed automatically from one generation to another, he had come to believe strongly that inherited advantage created obligations of its own. He could not undo what his ancestors had supported, nor could he turn their victims into symbols that absolved him merely because he now regretted their fate. He could, however, decide what he would do when women were threatened in his own time.

The remaining four riders had become part of the Coven’s wider company through experience rather than doctrine. Jonas Cade carried a revolver and possessed the calm confidence of a man who had learned that strength did not require him to occupy every room in which he stood. Clara Bell carried the same weapon but had begun to discover something less easily defined within herself, an instinct that sometimes warned her before the witches spoke and occasionally allowed her to sense the movement of Arcane power before anyone else. Amos Callahan carried a shotgun, while Lucas McCain rode with a rifle and the practical understanding that supernatural evil, however complicated its origins, occasionally presented a perfectly ordinary target.

Sheriff Cole met them outside the Blackwater Hotel and explained the disappearances, the bell and the fire that had destroyed Saint Jude’s. Prudence listened without interruption until he mentioned Reverend Wallace, the church minister who had vanished the night before the fire. During the week preceding his disappearance Wallace had excavated beneath the eastern foundation, claiming that he had found evidence of an earlier structure. He had refused assistance, cancelled evening services and eventually locked the church, although several women of the congregation later told Rebecca that the Reverend had become increasingly agitated whenever they asked what he had discovered.

That detail interested Prudence because it reflected a pattern she had encountered elsewhere. Men who claimed authority over mysteries were frequently less troubled by ignorance than by the possibility that somebody else might understand more than they did.

The Coven went directly to the ruins, where Saint Jude’s proved to have been a modest frontier church erected upon foundations that were neither modest nor Christian. Beneath the burned timbers lay enormous blocks of dark stone, several bearing shallow markings almost concealed beneath mortar. Abigail uncovered the first complete symbol, three interlocking circles surrounding a vertical line, and Prudence recognised enough of its structure to understand that it was neither ornament nor prayer. The church had not been built upon an ancient sanctuary but upon an ancient barrier, and the generations who worshipped above it had eventually forgotten that something beneath them had once been deliberately restrained.

The discovery seemed uncomfortably appropriate to Rebecca, who had spent years observing communities maintain customs long after forgetting why they existed. Rules survived their reasons, authority survived those who first claimed it, and restrictions imposed upon one generation could become traditions defended by the next. Eventually nobody remembered who had built the walls.

They simply remembered that the walls must remain.

The cemetery provided another clue. Every missing person had a close female relative buried within Saint Jude’s grounds, and each corresponding grave had recently been disturbed. Jeremiah Crowley’s mother lay close to the western fence, Anna Finch’s grandmother beside the church, while similar connections linked the remaining disappearances to women buried throughout the cemetery. The records revealed another pattern. Many of those women had died young, several in childbirth, one in an asylum and two after being described in church records as difficult, disobedient or afflicted by moral weakness.

Prudence read those entries twice.

The language was familiar.

Every century invented its own polite vocabulary for women who refused to behave as expected.

When Abigail approached the creek near sunset, she saw Martha Pike standing among the reeds on the opposite bank. Martha had disappeared the previous night, yet she now stood in a soaked nightdress with water dripping from her sleeves although the evening remained dry. Sheriff Cole recognised her immediately, but Prudence noticed something else. Martha was not looking toward the ruined church.

She was looking toward Abigail.

The bell sounded beneath the earth, and Martha raised one hand before stepping backwards into the reeds and disappearing. Lucas crossed the creek and searched the bank, but no tracks continued beyond the water.

That night the Coven examined Reverend Wallace’s papers and discovered the extent of his excavation. He had found references to what he called the Women’s Bell, an object buried beneath Saint Jude’s by an earlier community and subsequently surrounded by several layers of protective stonework. Wallace assumed that the people who concealed it had feared witchcraft and therefore concluded that the bell itself represented a source of forbidden female power which Christian authority had rightly suppressed.

Prudence reached a different conclusion.

The old records had been written almost entirely by men describing women whose testimony had never been preserved.

The distinction mattered.

Among Wallace’s notes were references to three women brought to Blackwater Creek generations earlier after being accused of practising forbidden rites. The minister who recorded their arrival described them as unruly, influential among other women and resistant to correction. Their names had been removed from later copies of the parish history, although Wallace had recovered fragments suggesting that the women had not created the thing beneath the church.

They had imprisoned it.

The bell had once been part of that binding.

Somewhere along the way the story had been reversed, and the women who protected the settlement had become witches whose power needed to be contained, while the prison they constructed became evidence of the danger they supposedly represented.

Rebecca found the inversion entirely believable. History, she observed, was remarkably accommodating when written by those who benefited from forgetting certain details.

The disappearances now made greater sense. Whatever had been released beneath Saint Jude’s was reaching Blackwater Creek through the women whose lives had been reduced to brief entries in church registers, using descendants who carried their memory whether those descendants understood it or not. The old injustice had not itself created the entity, but generations of silence had weakened the barrier around it because the original binding depended upon remembering who had built it.

The town had forgotten the women.

The thing beneath the church had not.

Before dawn Prudence determined how the ward might be restored. Three points had once surrounded the chamber, representing knowledge, care and will, although later church builders had obscured them beneath symbols of obedience, repentance and submission. Wallace had destroyed the eastern ward while attempting to uncover the supposedly dangerous power beneath it, and in doing so had opened a pathway that the imprisoned presence could exploit.

Restoring the barrier would therefore require more than repairing stone. The original act had to be remembered correctly.

Prudence would renew the ward of will, Rebecca the ward of care and Abigail the ward of knowledge, although Abigail’s role puzzled Sheriff Cole when he learned of it. He had expected the eldest woman to represent knowledge and the youngest merely to assist, an assumption Prudence corrected without ceremony. Age might accumulate knowledge, she explained, but every generation also discovered things that the previous one had been unable or unwilling to see.

The witches returned to Saint Jude’s shortly before sunrise and found every grave standing open.

Figures waited between the stones, but unlike the dead they had encountered elsewhere, these did not immediately attack. Men and women from several generations stood silently among the graves, their clothing reduced to rotting remnants and their faces carrying no obvious hostility. At the centre of the cemetery stood Billy Carter, still alive but motionless, while several dead women surrounded him.

Elias initially assumed that they threatened the boy, although Rebecca recognised the truth first. They were preventing him from entering the church.

The dead were not the enemy.

The bell rang seven times, and a section of ground beneath the eastern wall collapsed to reveal a stair descending into darkness. At the sound, several male corpses turned violently upon the others, while those nearest Billy tightened their circle around him. The cemetery erupted into movement as generations of the dead appeared to divide according to some allegiance formed long before any of the living understood the conflict.

Lucas, Amos, Jonas and Clara responded cautiously, firing only when the hostile dead approached, while Elias reached Billy and dragged him clear. Rebecca placed a hand against the boy’s forehead and discovered an Arcane connection running from him toward the stair, although the force drawing him below was not connected to his own desires. It felt instead like expectation, command and obligation made tangible, the accumulated weight of being told what one must become because others had decided it before one was born.

Rebecca broke the connection through Faith Healing, and Billy collapsed as though a physical burden had been removed from him.

The bell rang again.

Prudence led the others underground.

The passage beneath Saint Jude’s carried symbols from several periods because every generation had altered the story while preserving enough of the structure to keep the danger contained. Early marks recognised three women as guardians, later inscriptions transformed them into penitents, and still later Christian carvings depicted male saints standing triumphantly above female figures whose names had been removed altogether. By the time Saint Jude’s was built, the protective ritual remained but its meaning had been inverted so completely that the congregation prayed each year for protection from the very women whose work continued protecting them.

At the bottom lay a circular chamber containing the bell.

Reverend Wallace stood beneath it with his hands fused to the black metal. Behind him waited the missing townspeople, while beneath the dark water something moved with a shape that changed according to whoever looked upon it.

Prudence saw a judge.

Rebecca saw a husband standing over a frightened wife.

Abigail saw a schoolmaster telling a girl that certain books were not intended for her.

Clara saw nothing clearly at first, which frightened her more than any monster might have done, until she realised that what she perceived was a crowd of ordinary faces turning away whenever something unjust occurred.

Elias saw his ancestors.

Only then did Prudence understand the nature of the prisoner. It was not a man, a spirit or even a creature in the ordinary Arcane sense, but something formed and strengthened by the repeated surrender of one person’s will to another’s authority. It had worn many forms across centuries because domination rarely described itself honestly. Sometimes it called itself law, sometimes protection, sometimes tradition, sometimes nature and sometimes simple common sense.

It survived because people learned to mistake familiarity for inevitability.

Wallace had believed he was releasing ancient female power from beneath the church. In reality he had freed the thing the women had imprisoned.

Prudence began the Blessing, although the creature immediately turned the history of Salem against her, filling the chamber with images of accused women, gallows and crowds demanding punishment. It offered a simple interpretation in which men were always oppressors and women always victims, because replacing one absolute hierarchy with another would still leave the creature nourished by division and control.

Prudence refused that temptation as readily as she rejected the older lie. The past could not be repaired by pretending complexity had never existed, and liberation built upon the silencing of somebody else would merely reproduce the structure it claimed to destroy.

Rebecca moved among the captives, using Faith Healing to separate them from the expectations and inherited fears through which the creature controlled them. Each person responded differently because liberation could not simply be imposed from outside. Rebecca could weaken the bonds and offer strength, but the final movement had to belong to those she helped.

One by one, they chose to step away from the bell.

Abigail placed Patience beside the damaged ward and began her Summoning, not calling a monster or spirit but reaching backward for the memory of the three women whose names had been erased from Blackwater Creek. Their forms gradually appeared around her, indistinct at first and then increasingly clear, although Abigail understood that she was not literally restoring the dead. She was restoring their place within the story.

The forgotten women had names.

Sarah Vale.

Mercy Bell.

Anne Hawthorne.

Abigail stopped when she read the third name within the restored markings and understood why women of her own family had carried fragments of the old knowledge without knowing where it began.

Patience raised one cloth hand toward the bell.

Around Abigail the three summoned figures completed the broken circle.

The presence beneath the water surged upward, and Elias found himself confronted by the image of his own ancestry offering him a simpler path. He could seize control, protect the women by ordering them away and thereby transform himself into the heroic man who saved them. The temptation was powerful precisely because it disguised authority as virtue.

Instead he remained where Prudence had asked him to stand and guarded the stair.

His task was not to lead the Sisters.

It was to ensure they remained free to lead themselves.

Jonas, Amos and Lucas did the same, defending the chamber without attempting to take possession of the ritual they did not understand, while Clara moved toward Abigail. Her own uncertain Arcane awareness had grown stronger throughout the journey, and she finally recognised that she had spent months waiting for one of the witches to tell her whether it was real, as though power only became legitimate when somebody already possessing authority approved it.

Abigail reached out her hand.

Clara took it.

The ward brightened.

Prudence placed both hands upon the bell and felt the accumulated history within it, generations of women being told that silence was virtue, dependence was protection, obedience was morality and exclusion was simply the natural arrangement of things. Yet alongside those memories were men who had refused those expectations, women who had defended one another, daughters who had rejected the limitations accepted by their mothers and mothers who had struggled so their daughters might reject them.

Change had never belonged to one person.

It had always been collective.

Prudence completed the Blessing as Rebecca freed the last captive and Abigail restored the final name within the ward. The three points surrounding the chamber flared together, not destroying the power beneath them but denying it the unquestioned authority upon which it depended.

The bell cracked.

The sound that emerged was not loud, yet everyone in the chamber felt something break that had existed for far longer than the metal itself.

The creature beneath the water collapsed inward.

For one moment Prudence saw its countless faces, judges, fathers, ministers, employers, husbands, mothers enforcing rules upon daughters because they had once endured them themselves, women turning upon other women to gain security within a system that rewarded compliance, and men who recognised injustice but remained silent because challenging it would cost them comfort.

Then the water became ordinary water.

The chamber began collapsing around them, forcing the company toward the stairs while Elias carried Reverend Wallace and Jonas helped Rebecca with the weakened captives. Abigail hesitated because Patience remained beside the broken bell, but falling masonry separated them before she could return.

The survivors reached the cemetery moments before the ruins of Saint Jude’s settled several feet into the earth.

Across the churchyard the dead became still.

Several of the women remained standing slightly longer than the others, facing Abigail until the first sunlight crossed the graves. Then they too disappeared, leaving nothing behind except open earth and the uncomfortable understanding that Blackwater Creek owed its survival to women whose names it had deliberately forgotten.

The town council initially proposed rebuilding Saint Jude’s on the same site.

Prudence objected.

The council, composed entirely of men, explained that church affairs were hardly matters upon which travelling women could claim authority.

For the first time since the Coven arrived, Sheriff Cole laughed.

The new church was eventually built elsewhere.

Something else replaced Saint Jude’s. Rebecca proposed a school and Clara suggested that it admit girls on precisely the same terms as boys, while several townsmen objected that such an arrangement would produce all manner of undesirable consequences. When asked to identify those consequences, none managed anything more persuasive than the claim that matters had never been organised that way before.

Prudence considered this an excellent reason to begin.

The cemetery records were also rewritten. Sarah Vale, Mercy Bell and Anne Hawthorne were restored to the town history, not as witches defeated by Blackwater Creek but as women whose actions had once saved it. Other records were reconsidered as well, particularly those describing women as unstable, immoral or disobedient without recording what they had actually done. The process proved uncomfortable because history became considerably more complicated when the voices removed from it were permitted to return.

Abigail remained troubled by the loss of Patience until the morning the Coven prepared to leave, when Clara found the doll sitting upon the wagon seat. She was covered in mud and missing one button eye but otherwise intact, and Abigail held her for a long time before carefully placing her beside herself.

Prudence examined the doll but offered no explanation for her return.

Some things did not require one.

As the Crimson Coven left Blackwater Creek, the town behind them had not suddenly become equal, enlightened or free of the habits that had shaped it for generations. Men still held most positions of authority, women still carried burdens nobody thought to count, and more than one resident privately complained that matters had been perfectly satisfactory before the Salem women arrived.

Yet girls entered the new school.

Women began speaking during town meetings.

Clara Bell rode west with the Coven no longer waiting for somebody else to tell her whether the power she felt belonged to her.

Elias Ward continued beside them, neither leading nor following, but sharing the road.

Far behind, beneath the buried foundations of Saint Jude’s, the broken bell remained silent.

It was not destroyed.

Perhaps such things never are.

But it had lost something far more important than its voice.

It had lost the right to be obeyed.

Authors note: Thanks to Hans Christian Anderson and his story “The Bell” for the idea of the Church Bell (although the allegory and the story are quite different), and thanks to ChatGPT for assistance with the pics.

Book Review: Vietnam and Australia: History, Documents, Interpretations. University Study Group on Vietnam, Vietnam and Australia: History, Documents, Interpretations (Gladesville, NSW: University Study Group on Vietnam, 1966)

There are books which we read because they provide the best available history of a subject, and there are books which remain worth reading because they tell us something about the period in which they were written. Vietnam and Australia: History, Documents, Interpretations falls very firmly into the second category. I came across my copy almost by accident in a Salvos op shop, which is one of the pleasures of rummaging through second hand bookshelves, since occasionally something rather more interesting than the usual collection of forgotten bestsellers and outdated travel guides emerges from among them. In this case the discovery was a particularly worthwhile one, because this rather unassuming volume provides a fascinating window into the Australian debate over Vietnam at the very moment that debate was gathering momentum. Indeed, the debate on conscription I lived through. and fortunately my marble didn’t fall.

Produced by the University Study Group on Vietnam and published in 1966, the book appeared at precisely the moment when Australia’s involvement in Vietnam was changing from a comparatively limited commitment into a substantial military, political and social issue. The Australian War Memorial catalogue records the volume as a 150 page monograph, complete with map and bibliography, published by the Group at Gladesville in New South Wales.¹ The timing of its publication is critical to understanding both its strengths and its limitations, since its authors were attempting to explain a war whose outcome was unknown and whose consequences for Australia were only beginning to become apparent.

The University Study Group on Vietnam had been formed by academics associated with the University of New South Wales in the middle of 1965, against the background of the Australian Government’s decision to commit combat troops to South Vietnam.² The group belonged to a broader intellectual response to the war in which academics, clergy, students, political activists and others increasingly questioned whether the official explanation of events provided Australians with sufficient historical context to understand why their country was becoming involved in another Asian conflict. The purpose of the book was therefore educational as much as political. Its authors sought to place historical information, documents and differing interpretations before Australian readers so that the debate about Vietnam could proceed from something more substantial than government statements, newspaper headlines and the increasingly rigid political positions surrounding the war.³

That objective gives the book a rather different character from the enormous body of Vietnam War literature which subsequently appeared. This is not primarily a battlefield history and anyone looking for a detailed account of Australian operations will find relatively little here. The book instead begins by attempting to explain Vietnam itself, moving through Vietnamese history, French colonialism, the Second World War, the struggle against France, the Geneva settlement, the development of South Vietnam and the emergence of renewed insurgency before turning more directly towards Australian involvement. Contemporary descriptions of the contents confirm this broad chronological structure, extending from Vietnamese history before the colonial period through French rule and the conflicts of the twentieth century to Australia’s commitment.⁴

This historical approach was particularly important in 1966 because much of the public justification for Australian involvement depended upon presenting the conflict within the framework of international communism and the strategic problems of the Cold War. The Study Group instead encouraged readers to consider Vietnamese nationalism, colonialism and the consequences of the French war as essential parts of the explanation. This does not mean that communist ideology becomes irrelevant within its interpretation, but it does mean that Vietnamese communism is placed within a much longer struggle over colonialism, nationalism and political authority. From the perspective of later scholarship this may appear fairly conventional, yet it was considerably more challenging when presented to Australian readers during the rapid expansion of the war.

The use of documents is one of the book’s most interesting features. Rather than asking readers simply to accept the authors’ interpretation, the volume attempts to provide material from which political arguments and historical claims can be examined. This is one reason the Australian War Memorial catalogue classifies the work not merely under the history of Australian and Vietnamese relations, but also among sources relating to the conflict.⁵ The result is not a neutral documentary collection, since the selection and arrangement of documents inevitably influence the conclusions which readers are encouraged to reach, but the attempt to combine historical narrative with documentary evidence gives the book greater substance than a simple political pamphlet.

At the same time, there is little point pretending that the volume is politically detached. It emerged from an academic environment increasingly critical of the assumptions behind Australian participation in Vietnam, and the organisation responsible for it regarded better public understanding as a means through which Australian policy might be questioned. Subsequent research into Australian peace activism identifies the Study Group as part of the intellectual mobilisation surrounding Vietnam and demonstrates the increasing involvement of academics in public discussion of the conflict.⁶ This perspective is evident throughout the project and needs to be recognised when using the book as a historical source.

Recognising that perspective, however, is not the same thing as dismissing the book as propaganda. One of its more impressive qualities is precisely its attempt to support political criticism through history and documentation rather than relying solely upon moral outrage. Its authors believed that the origins of the conflict mattered, that Vietnamese history mattered, and that Australian citizens should understand the assumptions upon which their government’s policy rested. Whether one agrees with their conclusions or not, this represents a serious attempt to challenge policy through historical argument.

There are nevertheless significant limitations when the book is judged from the perspective of six decades of subsequent scholarship. The authors could not know what would happen after 1966, which means that virtually everything that later became central to popular understanding of the Vietnam War lay in their future. The Tet Offensive, the expansion of the Australian antiwar movement, the moratorium campaigns, the progressive withdrawal of Australian forces, the Paris negotiations, the collapse of South Vietnam in 1975 and the subsequent opening of Vietnamese, American, Australian and other archival collections were unavailable to them. Nor could they benefit from the enormous body of military, diplomatic, political and social history produced after the war. Their interpretation therefore represents an argument made from inside the conflict rather than a retrospective explanation of it.

This becomes particularly important when considering the internal politics of South Vietnam and North Vietnam. Later scholarship has considerably complicated interpretations that treated the conflict principally as either foreign aggression or national liberation. Vietnamese political divisions, regional loyalties, religious movements, competing nationalisms, communist organisation and the agency of successive governments in Saigon all require greater attention than was generally available in Australian writing during the middle 1960s. The political failures of South Vietnam were certainly substantial, but later research has also made it much harder to reduce the Republic of Vietnam simply to an American creation lacking any independent political existence. Equally, recognising the nationalist component of Vietnamese communism should not obscure the authoritarian character of the communist state or the importance of ideological commitment to its leadership.

The treatment of Australian policy also needs to be read in the context of the time. Australian involvement cannot adequately be explained solely through the battlefield situation in Vietnam. Concerns about Indonesia, memories of the Malayan Emergency and Confrontation, the importance attached to the American alliance, perceptions of Chinese power, the experience of earlier Asian conflicts and the strategic assumptions associated with forward defence all influenced Australian decision making. Later historical work has provided a much richer picture of these calculations than could reasonably have been expected from a study published in 1966. The book remains valuable because it demonstrates how those policies were being questioned while they were being implemented, but it should not now be treated as the final word on why Australia entered the war.

There is also an unavoidable imbalance created by the circumstances of publication. The authors possessed much more information about Western governments than they did about decision making in Hanoi or within the communist movement in South Vietnam. This was a common problem in contemporary Western criticism of the war. American and Australian policies could be scrutinised through parliamentary debates, newspapers, official statements and an expanding body of public documentation, while communist decision making remained considerably less accessible. The resulting interpretation could therefore subject Western claims to intense criticism while sometimes accepting opposing claims with less opportunity for equivalent examination. This is not necessarily evidence of deliberate distortion, but it is a methodological limitation which modern readers need to recognise.

Where the book becomes particularly valuable today is as a primary source for the history of Australia rather than simply as a history of Vietnam. It demonstrates that serious criticism of Australian involvement did not suddenly appear with the great moratorium demonstrations at the end of the decade. Academics were already organising, publishing and attempting to influence public discussion during 1965 and 1966. Studies of the Australian peace and antiwar movements consequently continue to identify organisations such as the University Study Group when examining the development of organised opposition to the war.⁷ The book captures an important stage at which criticism of Australian policy was moving beyond established political organisations and becoming part of a much wider public and intellectual debate.

There is something else which makes the book worth reading. We know how the Vietnam War ended, while its authors did not. That difference fundamentally changes the reading experience. Every assessment of military intervention, Vietnamese politics, American strategy and Australian policy was being made without knowledge of the eventual outcome. Arguments which now appear remarkably perceptive sit beside others which subsequent events exposed as incomplete or mistaken. Rather than diminishing the book, this makes it an unusually useful historical document because it allows us to see what informed Australians could know, and what they thought that knowledge meant, at a particular moment in the war.

As a general history of the Vietnam War, therefore, Vietnam and Australia has inevitably been overtaken. Anyone seeking to understand the military operations, Vietnamese politics, American decision making or Australian combat experience now has access to vastly superior archival material and historical scholarship. The book should not be read in isolation and certainly should not be used as though historical research stopped in 1966. Its political sympathies should be recognised, its selection of documents should be treated critically, and its interpretations should be compared with the evidence which became available after the war.

Yet judging it only by what later historians discovered would rather miss the point. The real importance of Vietnam and Australia lies in its attempt to make history relevant to a contemporary political decision. Its authors believed that Australians being asked to support a war should understand something about the country in which Australian soldiers were fighting, the colonial history which preceded the conflict, the agreements which followed the French defeat, and the competing explanations for the renewed war. That remains an admirable principle regardless of whether one accepts every conclusion the Study Group reached.

I found the book most interesting when read in precisely this way. It is no longer the history of the Vietnam War that I would recommend to somebody wanting a single introduction to the conflict, and there are interpretations which require substantial qualification in light of later scholarship. As a snapshot of Australian intellectual engagement with Vietnam in 1966, however, it is fascinating. It takes us back to a time when the outcome was uncertain, Australia’s commitment was expanding and the great domestic arguments over Vietnam and conscription were still developing.

For the historian, that makes Vietnam and Australia something rather more useful than simply an old book whose scholarship has been superseded. It is both history and historical evidence, an attempt to explain Vietnam and an artefact of the Australian debate about Vietnam. Perhaps there is something rather appropriate in finding it unexpectedly on the shelves of a Salvos op shop some sixty years after its publication. What might easily have been passed over as an obscure and dated little volume instead provides a remarkably interesting window into the arguments Australians were having while Australian soldiers were actually fighting the war. Read critically and alongside later scholarship, that is ultimately where its greatest value now lies.

Rating: 3.5 out of 5.

Footnotes

  1. University Study Group on Vietnam, Vietnam and Australia: History, Documents, Interpretations (Gladesville, NSW: University Study Group on Vietnam, 1966), x, 150 pp.; Australian War Memorial, catalogue entry for Vietnam and Australia: History, Documents, Interpretations, call number 959.7 U58v.
  2. Jon Piccini, Global Thought, Local Action: The New Left and the Vietnam War in Australia, discussion of the formation of the University Study Group on Vietnam in 1965 and the involvement of academics associated with the University of New South Wales.
  3. University Study Group on Vietnam, Vietnam and Australia; Piccini, Global Thought, Local Action, discussion of academic attempts to broaden Australian public understanding of Vietnam.
  4. University Study Group on Vietnam, Vietnam and Australia; Australian War Memorial, catalogue entry for the 1966 Gladesville edition.
  5. Australian War Memorial, catalogue entry for Vietnam and Australia: History, Documents, Interpretations, collection LIB16929.
  6. Piccini, Global Thought, Local Action, discussion of academic and intellectual opposition to Australian involvement in Vietnam.
  7. See studies of the Australian peace movement and opposition to the Vietnam War for the broader development of academic and organised criticism of Australian policy during the 1960s.

The Crimson Coven of Salem is Complete

At last, The Crimson Coven of Salem is complete and ready to take its place on the tabletop. After spending so much time recently painting the Dark Confederacy and the assorted undead, murderers and other thoroughly disreputable inhabitants of Dracula’s America, I thought it was about time I produced some “good guys”, assuming there really is such a thing in the decidedly murky world of Dracula’s America. The result is the Crimson Coven, a band of Salem witches and those willing to stand beside them against the considerably darker powers stalking the American West.

At the heart of the Coven are the three witches. Crone Prudence Blackwood is the eldest and most experienced, carrying the power of Blessing and providing the wisdom and authority around which the others gather.

Mother Rebecca Crowe, gifted with Faith Healing, is the protective centre of the group, tending wounds and keeping her companions on their feet when common sense might suggest that remaining there is a particularly poor idea. Together Prudence and Rebecca represent the accumulated experience of the Sisterhood, but neither underestimates the importance of their youngest companion.

Maiden Abigail Hathorn is accompanied everywhere by her doll, Patience, which she carries with the same determination with which the other members of the posse carry their weapons. Abigail possesses the power of Summoning and has also demonstrated an unusual ability to strengthen the magical efforts of the witches around her. She may appear to be nothing more than a young girl clutching a much loved doll, but appearances are notoriously unreliable in Dracula’s America, and anyone dismissing Abigail as harmless may discover that Patience is the least disturbing thing standing in front of them.

Elias Ward is the Coven’s Guardian, although his willingness to place himself between the witches and danger comes from something deeper than employment or obligation. His family had known persecution in the past, and the stories passed down through the generations left him with little sympathy for those who used fear and superstition as excuses to hunt people they did not understand. Ward believes in the cause of the Salem Sisterhood and, more importantly, has come to regard Prudence, Rebecca and Abigail as an extension of his own family, particularly the young Maiden whose safety he takes very personally. He knows perfectly well that standing between a witch hunter, vampire or risen corpse and its intended victim is unlikely to encourage a long and peaceful life, but Elias made that decision long ago. The witches have their powers and their armed companions have their guns, but when something has to physically stand between the Crimson Coven and whatever is coming for them, that something is Elias Ward.

Magic alone, however, is unlikely to keep the Coven alive for very long, so the witches are accompanied by several decidedly practical companions. Amos Callahan carries a shotgun, a weapon requiring considerably less arcane preparation than witchcraft and capable of resolving most arguments at appropriately short range.

Lucas McCain provides the Coven with a rifleman and some much needed reach, his name being a deliberate little tribute to The Rifleman and one that became impossible to resist once the figure was armed accordingly.

Then there are the two pistol armed gunslingers. Jonas Cade is the experienced hand, a man whose survival has depended upon knowing when to draw, when to shoot and, perhaps most importantly, when remaining in town for another drink is no longer advisable.

Alongside him is Clara Bell, equally comfortable with a pistol but rather more intriguing because she has begun trying to develop her own latent arcane abilities. She has no intention of replacing the witches, nor does she pretend to understand their powers, but in a world containing vampires, walking corpses and considerably worse things, Clara has decided that learning a little magic “just in case” seems an entirely sensible precaution.

Bringing these very different characters together visually was one of the reasons I decided against the traditional black clothing normally associated with witches. Instead, The Crimson Coven of Salem has been painted predominantly in Khorne Red, giving the posse a strong crimson identity that immediately distinguishes them on the tabletop while retaining enough darkness to suit the setting. They may be fighting against evil, but there is no particular reason why they should look cheerful while doing it.

So the Coven is finished: Prudence Blackwood, Rebecca Crowe, Abigail Hathorn and Patience, Amos Callahan, Lucas McCain, Jonas Cade and Clara Bell, a mixture of witchcraft, faith, firearms and questionable judgement ready to confront whatever the supernatural West throws at them. They are certainly more respectable than my Dark Confederacy, although admittedly that is setting the bar so low that you could probably trip over it.

Are they really the good guys? In Dracula’s America, I suspect “less alarming than the opposition” may be the safest description.

Either way, The Crimson Coven of Salem is ready for action.

More guns for the Crimson Coven

The frontier has never suffered from a shortage of men willing to sell their skill with a gun, although in Dracula’s America the occupation has become considerably more hazardous than it once was. A hired gun might still be employed to guard a payroll, settle a range dispute or discourage bandits, but increasingly the work involves things that do not rob banks, surrender when surrounded or necessarily remain dead after being shot. For men who have survived long enough to understand this changing West, the answer is not always greater courage or faster reflexes. Sometimes the answer is simply a bigger gun.

Among those following this philosophy are Amos Callahan and Lucas McCain. Neither fits the popular image of the pistol carrying gunfighter waiting beneath the noonday sun. Callahan prefers the brutal certainty of a shotgun at close range, while McCain has little intention of allowing an enemy to get close enough to use a pistol in the first place. Both have learned their trade through experience rather than reputation, and both have survived encounters that have convinced them that the strange new America rewards preparation far more reliably than bravado.

Amos Callahan and his Trusty Shotgun

Amos Callahan once rode guard on stagecoaches carrying payrolls, mail and occasionally passengers wealthy enough to attract precisely the sort of attention the company would rather have avoided. He learned early that a shotgun was an excellent argument at close quarters, particularly when faced with several determined men climbing aboard at once, and over the years the battered weapon across his knees became almost as familiar to regular travellers as the coach itself.

His career ended on a night run through New Mexico when the coach was attacked by something that was neither outlaw nor raider. Amos never gave a convincing account of what happened, although he returned alone three days later carrying the same shotgun and considerably less interest in discussing the supernatural. Since then he has worked as a hired gun wherever the money is reasonable and the questions are few, keeping his shotgun loaded with a mixture of ordinary shells and rather more expensive ammunition intended for things that should have remained buried.

Amos has no interest in magic, prophecy or grand causes, but he has seen enough of the new America to accept that monsters exist. His philosophy is therefore reassuringly simple. Whatever comes through the door, put both barrels into it and consider the theological implications afterwards.

Rifleman Lucas McCain

Lucas McCain is a patient man, which in the West is sometimes considerably more dangerous than being a fast one. Raised among hunters and trappers in the mountains, he learned to shoot at distances where most pistol men would struggle to identify what they were shooting at, let alone hit it. During the war he served as a scout and marksman, spending long periods ahead of the main body watching roads, river crossings and enemy camps before firing a single carefully chosen shot.

The war left Lucas with little enthusiasm for uniforms or officers, so he returned west and discovered that a man who could place a rifle bullet exactly where he intended could always find employment. Railroad companies hired him to deal with bandits, ranchers employed him during range disputes, and more recently considerably stranger clients have begun paying for his services against enemies that do not always remain dead after being shot.

Lucas treats the supernatural much as he treats everything else: observe it, understand it and find out where to put the bullet. He rarely boasts and has little patience for men who do, preferring to find a good position while everyone else is still arguing about who is the fastest gun in the territory. By the time they have settled the matter, Lucas McCain is usually several hundred yards away with his rifle resting comfortably against his shoulder.

Another Pair of Guns on the Trail

Callahan and McCain have little in common beyond competence and a healthy desire to remain alive. Callahan is at his best when trouble has already arrived, standing his ground with a shotgun while everyone with better judgement is looking for the nearest exit. McCain would much rather deal with the same problem from a distant ridge, preferably before it has realised anyone is hunting it. One trusts weight of shot and nerve, the other patience and a single carefully placed bullet, but both methods have proved remarkably effective.

They have crossed paths often enough with other wandering gunslingers to recognise that there is safety, or at least improved odds, in travelling together when circumstances demand it. Neither pretends that companionship has turned them into heroes. They still expect to be paid, they still prefer jobs where somebody else explains exactly what they are facing, and both reserve the right to reconsider their employment when words such as vampire, necromancer or ancient curse appear in the conversation.

Yet when the money is down and the shooting starts, neither man is inclined to abandon those beside him. In a West increasingly populated by creatures that regard ordinary men as little more than prey, that reliability has become almost as valuable as their skill with a gun. Amos Callahan brings the shotgun, Lucas McCain brings the rifle, and between them they have most distances covered.

Gunslingers of the Crimson Coven

The witches of the Crimson Coven of Salem understand that arcane power alone will not keep them alive in the dangerous world of Dracula’s America. Magic can accomplish remarkable things, but it attracts attention, carries risks of its own and is not always the answer when an enemy appears suddenly with a pistol already drawn. The Coven therefore accepts the assistance of a small number of outsiders who believe sufficiently in its cause to place themselves between the witches and those who would destroy them.

Among these are two gunslingers whose paths have brought them into the company of the Coven for very different reasons. Jonas Cade is a seasoned gunman who has seen enough genuine evil to recognise that the witches of Salem are not responsible for the darkness spreading across America, while Clara Bell joined simply as another pistol for hire before discovering that her connection with the Coven might run considerably deeper than she expected.

Jonas Cade, Gunslinger

Jonas Cade has spent most of his adult life discovering that a reputation with a pistol is considerably easier to acquire than it is to escape. He has worked as a trail guard, hired gun and occasional bounty hunter, drifting from one employer to another while becoming increasingly uncomfortable with the sort of men prepared to pay well for violence. His association with the Crimson Coven began when he was hired to escort several travellers through hostile country and discovered only after accepting the money that his passengers were witches fleeing men who intended to hang them.

Cade could have walked away, but instead stayed and fought, an act that cost him several former friends and earned him the trust of the Coven. He makes no claim to understand witchcraft and has little interest in learning, but he has seen enough of the darkness abroad in America to know that the women of Salem are not its cause. Cade now hires his pistols to the Coven for considerably less than they are worth, although he becomes distinctly irritated whenever anyone suggests that this means he has finally developed principles.

Clara Bell, Gunslinger

Clara Bell learned to shoot because the world had repeatedly demonstrated that relying upon somebody else for protection was a poor survival strategy. Quick with a pistol and possessed of an unnerving calm when violence begins, she originally joined the Coven as hired protection, expecting nothing more mysterious than guarding three witches while they travelled. Instead she discovered that she could sometimes sense their workings before a spell was cast, feeling the gathering of arcane power as a faint pressure behind her eyes and occasionally knowing that something unnatural was nearby before any of the witches themselves had spoken.

The Coven believes Clara possesses a small but genuine latent arcane talent, although whether it will ever develop into something useful remains uncertain. Clara has consequently begun learning the rudiments of witchcraft whenever circumstances allow, approaching the subject with considerably more caution than enthusiasm. She has no intention of abandoning her pistols for spell books, nor does she imagine herself becoming a great witch, but in Dracula’s America it seems sensible to have another weapon available. Just in case.

Pistols and Witchcraft

Neither Jonas nor Clara would describe themselves as members of the Crimson Coven in quite the same way as the witches themselves. Jonas remains suspicious of magic even while defending those who practise it, while Clara is beginning to wonder whether she has been standing outside the circle only because nobody, including herself, realised that she belonged somewhere within it. What they share is the understanding that the Coven has made powerful enemies and that those enemies are unlikely to be impressed by good intentions.

For the witches, the two gunslingers provide something equally valuable. Jonas brings experience, a steady hand and the willingness to stand his ground when sensible people would already be riding in the opposite direction, while Clara offers much the same with the intriguing possibility of something more. When the arcane powers of the Coven are insufficient, there are therefore two additional answers close at hand, usually loaded, holstered and ready to be drawn.